{"id":13242,"date":"2025-10-21T16:11:42","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T09:11:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/?p=13242"},"modified":"2025-10-22T09:38:22","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T02:38:22","slug":"analysis-of-the-roles-and-responsibilities-of-the-parties-involved-in-data-processing-under-vietnamese-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/analysis-of-the-roles-and-responsibilities-of-the-parties-involved-in-data-processing-under-vietnamese-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Analysis of the roles and responsibilities of the parties involved in data processing under vietnamese law"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of contents:<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #a32411;color:#a32411\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #a32411;color:#a32411\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/analysis-of-the-roles-and-responsibilities-of-the-parties-involved-in-data-processing-under-vietnamese-law\/#1_Overview_of_the_Legal_Framework_on_Data_in_Vietnam\" >1. Overview of the Legal Framework on Data in Vietnam<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/analysis-of-the-roles-and-responsibilities-of-the-parties-involved-in-data-processing-under-vietnamese-law\/#2_Parties_Involved_in_Personal_Data_Processing_under_Decree_No_132023ND-CP\" >2. Parties Involved in Personal Data Processing under Decree No. 13\/2023\/N\u0110-CP<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/analysis-of-the-roles-and-responsibilities-of-the-parties-involved-in-data-processing-under-vietnamese-law\/#3_Parties_Involved_in_Data_Activities_under_the_Law_on_Data_No_602024QH15\" >3. Parties Involved in Data Activities under the Law on Data No. 60\/2024\/QH15<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/analysis-of-the-roles-and-responsibilities-of-the-parties-involved-in-data-processing-under-vietnamese-law\/#4_Comparative_Analysis_and_Interrelationship_between_the_Roles\" >4. Comparative Analysis and Interrelationship between the Roles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/analysis-of-the-roles-and-responsibilities-of-the-parties-involved-in-data-processing-under-vietnamese-law\/#SEND_CONSULTATION_REQUEST\" >SEND CONSULTATION REQUEST<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Overview_of_the_Legal_Framework_on_Data_in_Vietnam\"><\/span>1. Overview of the Legal Framework on Data in Vietnam<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Vietnam\u2019s data governance framework is primarily shaped by two key legal pillars:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Personal Data Protection: <\/strong>The foundation of this pillar is Decree No. 13\/2023\/N\u0110-CP on Personal Data Protection, which will be superseded and formalized by the Law on Personal Data Protection effective from January 1, 2026. Reflecting global trends in privacy protection\u2014similar to the EU\u2019s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)\u2014this regulation focuses on safeguarding individuals\u2019 fundamental rights related to their personal information. It establishes a clear chain of accountability among all entities involved in <strong>personal data<\/strong> processing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Digital Data Management:<\/strong> This pillar is established under the Law on Data No. 60\/2024\/QH15, guided by Decree No. 165\/2025\/N\u0110-CP. The Law adopts a broader, more strategic perspective, positioning data as a vital national resource to be systematically developed, protected, and governed. Its objective is to lay a solid foundation for the development of a digital economy, digital government, and to ensure national data security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The table below summarizes the key legal instruments and their respective scopes of regulation:<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Legal Document<\/td>\n<td>Effective Date<\/td>\n<td>Main Scope of Regulation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\"><strong>Decree No. 13\/2023\/N\u0110-CP<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">01\/07\/2023<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">Provides regulations on the protection of personal data and the responsibilities of parties involved in personal data processing<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\"><strong>Law on Data No. 60\/2024\/QH15<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">01\/07\/2025<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">Regulates digital data; the development, protection, governance, processing, and use of digital data; and the state management of digital data.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\"><strong>Decree No. 165\/2025\/N\u0110-CP<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">01\/07\/2025<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">Details certain articles and implementation measures of the Law on Data, including specific criteria, procedures, and responsibilities.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Parties_Involved_in_Personal_Data_Processing_under_Decree_No_132023ND-CP\"><\/span>2. Parties Involved in Personal Data Processing under Decree No. 13\/2023\/N\u0110-CP<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Decree No. 13\/2023\/N\u0110-CP defines the roles based on the functional relationship of an organization or individual to a specific person\u2019s data and the purpose of data processing activities. The central element governing these relationships is the \u201cconsent\u201d of the data subject. Each role is associated with a distinct set of rights and obligations, forming a clear chain of legal accountability.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Data subject<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to clause 6, Article 2 of Decree No. 13, <strong>a Data Subject<\/strong> is <em>\u201can individual who is reflected by personal data.\u201d<\/em> This is the central entity protected under the law. Article 9 of the Decree sets out the core rights of the Data Subject, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Right to be informed:<\/strong> To be informed about the processing of their personal data.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right to consent:<\/strong> To give or withhold consent for the processing of personal data.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right of access:<\/strong> To access, review, or request correction of their personal data.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right to withdraw consent:<\/strong> To withdraw previously given consent.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right to erasure:<\/strong> To delete or request deletion of their personal data.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right to restrict processing:<\/strong> To request restriction of personal data processing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right to data provision:<\/strong> To request provision of their own personal data.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right to object to processing:<\/strong> To object to processing for the purpose of disclosure, advertising, or marketing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right to lodge complaints, denunciations, or initiate lawsuits.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Right to claim compensation for damages.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Right to self-protection.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Personal Data Controller<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to clause 9, Article 2 of Decree No. 13, a Personal Data Controller is \u201can organization or individual that determines the purposes and means of processing personal data.\u201d This party holds the decisive role and bears the highest level of responsibility for data processing activities. Under Article 38, the Controller has key obligations such as selecting an appropriate Data Processor and being liable to the Data Subject for any damage arising from the processing. This establishes the principle of ultimate accountability: the Controller cannot disclaim legal responsibility by delegating processing to a Processor. The Controller remains primarily responsible to the individual, even if a violation is committed by its service provider.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Personal Data Processor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to clause 10, Article 2, a Personal Data Processor is \u201can organization or individual that processes personal data on behalf of the Controller, pursuant to a contract or agreement with the Controller.\u201d This party does not determine the purposes of processing but only performs processing activities as instructed by the Controller. Article 39 sets out key obligations, including processing data strictly in accordance with the signed contract and deleting or returning all personal data to the Controller upon termination of the contract.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Personal Data Controller-cum-Processor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to clause 11, Article 2, a Personal Data Controller-cum-Processor is \u201can organization or individual that both determines the purposes and means of processing and directly processes personal data.\u201d This party assumes the combined responsibilities of both the Controller and the Processor, as stipulated in Article 40.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Third Party<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to clause 12, Article 2, a Third Party is \u201can organization or individual, other than the Data Subject, the Personal Data Controller, the Personal Data Processor, or the Personal Data Controller-cum-Processor, that is permitted to process personal data.\u201d This is an independent party that may participate in the processing of personal data under specific circumstances.<\/p>\n<p>The system of roles under Decree No. 13 is designed around the protection of individuals\u2019 rights, establishing a clear chain of legal accountability from the party determining the purpose of processing (the Controller) to the party executing the processing (the Processor).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Parties_Involved_in_Data_Activities_under_the_Law_on_Data_No_602024QH15\"><\/span>3. Parties Involved in Data Activities under the Law on Data No. 60\/2024\/QH15<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The Law onData No. 60\/2024\/QH15 approaches the issue from a macro perspective, defining roles based on the ownership, management, and operation of data as a national asset or resource. This \u201cassetization\u201d of data provides the legal foundation for the establishment of a formal data market and the recognition of clear ownership rights\u2014an area that had previously existed in a legal gray zone. These definitions do not replace but rather coexist and complement the roles established under Decree No. 13.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Data Subject<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The most significant legal difference lies in how the Law on \u00a0Data broadens the definition of a data subject compared to Decree No. 13:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Decree No. 13 (clause 6, Article 2): \u201cA data subject is an individual who is reflected by personal data.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Law on Data No. 60 (clause 12, Article 3): \u201cA data subject is an agency, organization, or individual that is reflected by data.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This expansion has profound legal implications. While Decree No. 13 focuses solely on individuals, the Law on Data recognizes that organizations and agencies can also be data subjects. For instance, a person is the data subject of their personal information, whereas a company can be the data subject of datasets reflecting its operational performance or financial reports. This broader scope forms the foundation for governing all types of data, not just personal data.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Data Owner<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to clause 14, Article 3, a Data Owner is \u201can agency, organization, or individual that has the right to decide on the creation, development, protection, governance, processing, use, and exchange of the value of data it owns.\u201d This role emphasizes supreme control rights over a dataset. A key clarification is made in clause 15, Article 3: \u201cThe rights of a data owner over data are property rights in accordance with civil law.\u201d This officially recognizes data as a form of property that can be owned and traded for value.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Data governing body<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to clause 13, Article 3, a \u00a0Data governing body is \u201can agency, organization, or individual that carries out the creation, management, operation, and exploitation of data at the request of the data owner.\u201d The \u00a0Data governing body plays a technical management and operational role, acting under the direction or authorization of the Data Owner.<\/p>\n<p>The roles defined under the Law on \u00a0Data focus on data governance, value utilization, and the establishment of property rights over data. This framework lays the groundwork for the formation of a data market, national data governance, and the promotion of the digital economy. To ensure accurate implementation in practice, it is essential to analyze the interaction and interrelation between the two role systems.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Comparative_Analysis_and_Interrelationship_between_the_Roles\"><\/span>4. Comparative Analysis and Interrelationship between the Roles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Criteria<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Roles under Decree No. 13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Roles under the Law on \u00a0Data<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\"><strong>Nature of Role<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">Based on processing functions (who determines the purpose, who executes the processing).<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">Based on ownership and management rights (who holds the property rights, who operates).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\"><strong>Legal Basis<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">Based on privacy rights and the individual\u2019s consent.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">Based on property rights and legal provisions on resource management.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\"><strong>Principal point<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">Protection of individuals and their legitimate rights and interests.<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">Management of data resources, value exploitation, and development of the digital economy.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\"><strong>Applicable Scope<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">Personal data (associated with a specific individual).<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-size: 130%;\">Digital data (including personal data, organizational data, and non-personal data).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em><strong>Time of writing<\/strong>: 15\/10\/2025<\/em><br \/>\n<em>The article contains general information which is of reference value, in case you want to receive legal opinions on issues you need clarification on, please get in touch with our Lawyer \u00a0at\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>info@cdlaf.vn<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-post-nd\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5519 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/CHUONG-TRINH-THANG.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/CHUONG-TRINH-THANG.png 1080w, https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/CHUONG-TRINH-THANG-720x400.png 720w, https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/CHUONG-TRINH-THANG-768x427.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"content-post-nd\">\n<p><strong>Why choose CDLAF\u2019s service?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"li-content\">\n<li>We provide effective and comprehensive legal solutions that help you save money and maintain compliance in your business;<\/li>\n<li>We continue to monitor your legal matters even after the service is completed and update you when there are any changes in the Vietnamese legal system;<\/li>\n<li>Our system of forms and processes related to labor and personnel is continuously built and updated and will be provided as soon as the customer requests it;<\/li>\n<li>As a Vietnamese law firm, we have a thorough understanding of Vietnam&#8217;s legal regulations, and grasp the psychology of employees, employers, and working methods at competent authorities;<\/li>\n<li>CDLAF&#8217;s team of lawyers has many years of experience in the field of labor and enterprises, as well as human resources and financial advisory.<\/li>\n<li>Strict information security procedures throughout the service performance and even after the service is completed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong style=\"color: #a32411;\">You can refer for more information:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a 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href=\"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/when-should-enterprises-enter-into-a-short-term-or-long-term-foreign-loan-agreement\/\">When should enterprises enter into a short-term or long-term foreign loan agreement?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f2681-o1\" lang=\"en-US\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"2681\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13242#wpcf7-f2681-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"2681\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.5\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f2681-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" 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Overview of the Legal Framework on Data in Vietnam Vietnam\u2019s data governance framework is primarily shaped by two key legal pillars: Personal Data Protection: The foundation of this pillar is Decree No. 13\/2023\/N\u0110-CP on Personal Data Protection, which will be superseded and formalized by the Law on Personal Data Protection effective from January 1,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13187,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13242"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13250,"href":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13242\/revisions\/13250"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cdlaf.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}